2014年5月2日星期五

Nephrotic syndrome and treatment of common complications

( 1 ) Infection : Infection is one of the most common complication of nephrotic syndrome , before the advent of effective antibiotics , infection is a major cause of death in patients with nephrotic syndrome , especially in infants and elderly patients more likely to be complicated by infection and died. Generally believed that patients with nephrotic syndrome complicated by infection because of malnutrition , low levels of serum IgG , the lack of factor B and the use of immunosuppressive agents and so on. However, recent studies have shown that immunosuppressants. Nephrotic syndrome makes use of shorter duration , thus reducing the chance of infection. Nephrotic syndrome risk factors for infection mainly serum IgG levels decreased ( albumin levels and 24-hour urinary protein excretion closely related ) and creatinine levels rise. Common bacterial infections : respiratory tract infections, skin infections , peritonitis, sepsis and necrotizing hip abscess .
Common viral infections include:
Chickenpox , shingles, measles than normal weight . Therefore , nephrotic syndrome patients in their daily lives as much as possible to avoid contact with the source of infection , remission can be injected high serum globulin and pneumococcal vaccination , once infection occurs , should immediately be given a strong anti-infectives .
( 2 ) hyperlipidemia : nephrotic syndrome is characterized by abnormal lipid metabolism of plasma lipoproteins ingredients have increased , generally elevated cholesterol appear first , followed by just as phospholipids and triglycerides. In addition to the number of changes, all kinds of lipoproteins , cholesterol / phospholipid and cholesterol / triglyceride values ​​were elevated . HDL may be elevated , normal or reduced . Lipid abnormalities commonly associated with proteinuria and ( or ) related to the degree of hypoalbuminemia . Comprehensive Kidney hyperlipidemia patients should pay attention to diet and avoid eating cholesterol-rich foods, eat more foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids , smoking cessation and appropriate exercise. When using lipid-lowering drugs to note that due to the low albumin make free drug concentration increases , the dose should be reduced in order to prevent the occurrence of side effects , while avoiding the use of diuretics can make elevated blood lipids .
( 3 ) hypovolemia and acute renal failure : blood volume can be increased in patients with nephrotic syndrome , normal or reduced, the situation is not necessarily correlated with the degree of changes in edema . Blood volume and more patients , often with diuretics may improve symptoms. , While patients with hypovolemia , after using diuretics, blood volume can be further reduced , resulting in cardiovascular instability , and even lead to acute renal failure. Now that the nephrotic syndrome due to acute renal failure among renal ischemia and renal interstitial edema caused by two factors working together . Effective hypovolemia lead to insufficient blood flow to the kidney ; tube deposition cause renal tubular obstruction , leading to Bowman capsule hydrostatic pressure, causing ischemia, can make the glomerular filtration rate . Fully concurrent renal acute renal failure, acute renal failure, according to treatment, after appropriate treatment , renal function can often be improved. There are some cases develop chronic renal failure, need lifelong renal replacement therapy.
( 4 ) renal tubular dysfunction : Patients with heavy proteinuria , particularly pathology tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis , could occur proximal tubule dysfunction , there may be clinical diabetes , high urinary phosphate , amino acids in urine , loss loss of potassium and bicarbonate (Fanconi syndrome ) . Proteinuria in patients with severe renal tubular excretion of creatinine increase , would lead to an overestimation of patients with creatinine clearance , which is in glomerular function should be evaluated for consideration to . Abnormalities, except no special treatment beyond symptomatic for renal tubular function , mainly because the treatment of the primary disease .
( 5 ) immune abnormalities : nephrotic syndrome some humoral and cell-mediated immune dysfunction , which is the primary cause of nephrotic syndrome pathogenesis , but also with low albumin , IgG and factor B decreased immune modulators iDL increases, low transferrin, albumin , zinc , increased prostaglandin synthesis and the use of immunosuppressive drugs ( especially cyclophosphamide ) and other factors. Treatment mainly for the treatment of primary disease , remission can use some enhanced active and passive immunization agents and traditional Chinese medicine.

( 6 ) thrombosis and embolism : Visible renal vein thrombosis, pulmonary vein , or pulmonary situ thrombosis , pulmonary embolism , peripheral venous or arterial thrombosis. The reason may lie in a hypercoagulable state when renal comprehensive , antithrombin Ⅲ absence or reduced fibrinolysis , platelet aggregation enhancement, increased procoagulant substances , hyperlipidemia , slow blood flow , endothelial cell damage and hormone therapy factors can have a significant impact on this . Rational use of anticoagulants in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome , can reduce this complication .

Prolonged dialysis for kidney okay ?

For already progressed to uremia patients , most hospitals are taking dialysis approach to treatment. For dialysis patients with uremia that has what help ? Prolonged dialysis for kidney okay ? To solve these problems , let's briefly explain .
Serum creatinine levels exceed 707μmoI / L, is part of uremia stage. When the patient's condition progressed to uremia stage, a variety of serious complications would have appeared , heart failure, hyperkalemia , severe anemia , and this will endanger the lives and safety of patients. And Western medicine treatment is dialysis, including hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis . The main effect is the equivalent of artificial kidney dialysis role , instead of the kidneys to detox, which works by diffusion , convection effect , adsorption molecules in the blood of toxins discharged and simultaneously remove excess water in the body , mediation electrolyte and acid-base disorders imbalances and so on. Has an important role in protecting the safety and treatment of complications in patients . But dialysis is simply to help the body to detox and drainage , for the kidneys , it does not have any therapeutic effect repair , and with ongoing dialysis , the remaining part of the kidney function less and less , eventually will slowly disappear . So they can find uremic patients , before dialysis, urine can also be the case that some patients with normal urine almost even , but once dialysis, there will be rapid reduction in the amount of urine , some patients just a few months of dialysis time , urine is completely gone, this time, kidney function basically gone. In this case the patient's quality of life can imagine , is very poor .

Shandong Weifang kidney hospital longer able to remind our friends in uremic patients , found that after the disease , not to simply rely on dialysis, may seek TCM treatment as early as possible , as well as residual kidney function under the premise is to protect the remaining kidney function by TCM treatment the . Inside the kidneys have been damaged , but not yet fully glomerular sclerosis , TCM treatment can be gradually restore their function, so you can upgrade the level of kidney filtration rate , greatly improving the patient's quality of life and survival time. I believe you now for the " long dialysis for kidney okay " This issue has a certain understanding , if you have other questions , you can consult online experts , we will give you an answer.

Concerned about the early symptoms of women with kidney failure ?

What are the early symptoms of kidney failure women ? Why are women more and more kidney failure , experts suggest , is usually no symptoms to warn the patient of her kidneys can not work properly. This is why regular urine and blood tests are very important. Sometimes even if the patient feel good , but the results of the medical examination will show some signs of suffering from kidney disease .
Women renal failure can be divided into three :
1 , the start of this period ATN patients often suffer from some of the known causes, such as hypotension, ischemia , sepsis and renal toxins etc. but not significant renal parenchymal damage occurs in this phase of acute renal failure is preventable but with significant renal tubular epithelial damage occurs , GFR sudden drop in performance of the clinical syndrome of acute renal failure becomes apparent , then enter the maintenance phase .
2, the sustain period is also called oliguria typical for 7-14 days, but may be as short as a few days to 4-6 weeks long glomerular rate remained low and many patients may oliguria ( < 40Oml / d). However, some patients may not have oliguria , urine output in 400ml / d or more, known as non- oliguric acute renal failure, which mostly mild illness , the prognosis is good , however, regardless of whether the decrease in urine output , with renal dysfunction , may appear a series of clinical manifestations of uremia .
Acute renal failure, infection is another common and serious complication in acute renal failure at the same time or in the development of the disease process may also merge multiple organ failure , the mortality rate can be as high as 70 %.
3 , recovery of renal tubular cell regeneration , repair, restore the integrity of tubular glomerular filtration rate gradually returned to normal or near- normal range. Oliguric patients began diuretic, how can the performance of urine , daily urine output may up to 3000-5000ml, or more . usually lasts 1-3 weeks , and then again back to normal. compared with the glomerular filtration rate , function ( solute and water reabsorption ) recovery of glomerular epithelial cells relative delay , often take several months after recovery. minority of patients may ultimately left varying degrees of renal structure and function of the defect .
Many women because of sleepiness , pale yellow to find these symptoms of kidney failure , and what are the early symptoms of kidney failure women ?
Early symptoms of a female kidney failure , drowsiness , fatigue - early symptoms of kidney failure in the first performance
It may be early manifestations, but the most easily overlooked due cause drowsiness , fatigue reason indeed too much. Especially those in business , " full fight " , most people put the blame on the work of panic and fatigue . If a little rest and symptoms improved , are more easily overlooked .
Early symptoms of kidney failure two women , pale yellow - Early renal failure in patients with anemia due to renal incurred
This is due to anemia caused by attacks and because of this performance is very slow to start , which is not too short a period of time does not render a clear " contrast " , as people find it difficult to meet sooner or later, the slow unfolding of various changes in the same .
Early symptoms of kidney failure three women , edema - the most visible symptoms of early renal failure
This is a relatively easy to find the phenomenon . Because the kidneys can not eliminate excess water in the body and lead to fluid retention in the body tissue space , only early in the ankle and eyelid edema, disappeared after the break , when expanded , if persistent or generalized edema to have the disease do not carry light .
Early symptoms of kidney failure four women , urine changes - early renal failure patients because the symptoms of kidney function loss incurred
Since landing kidney filtration function , some patients with the disease will gradually reduce the amount of urine pause . Even normal urine , because urine to eliminate toxins that reduce the quality of land , you can not get rid of excess waste , so to some extent on the amount of urine your kidneys do not function well explain the good and bad .
Early symptoms of kidney failure five women , early symptoms of kidney failure in patients with hypertension will be presented .
Because kidney natriuresis , drainage function , impaired renal function when the body will attack with sodium and water accumulation , In this case, the kidneys secrete a number of substances increase blood pressure . Therefore , early renal failure patients have varying degrees of hypertension. If prone to cause clotting mechanism coupled with poor hypertension nose or gum bleeding, to attract attention .
Six women early symptoms of kidney failure , patients with serum creatinine higher early renal failure , accumulation of toxins in the body can not excrete lead to digestive function disorders, loss of appetite .
This is due to the toxins in urine retention, affect the digestive function caused most people disagree . Subject to the condition commenced , will be presented Fullness abdominal discomfort, nausea , vomiting, resulting in an increase in stool frequency or pulpy mass will be at this time, the disease has been heavy, this is an important reason patients often have medical treatment .

Renal failure, experts suggest that more than just a woman early symptoms of kidney failure , timely detection and timely treatment can prevent chronic kidney failure condition continued to deteriorate . To care for your body , in your life to be a conscientious, always concerned about the subtle changes in their body , such as the abnormal situation once , then if it is accompanied by hematuria ( blood was brown or red ) , high blood pressure, urine bubble , diarrhea , extreme thirst, restless sleep, or drowsiness , decreased libido , please go to regular hospital for examination , as far as possible early detection and early treatment to curb the kidney disease in the bud .

2014年5月1日星期四

Kidney patients can eat watermelon it?

Kidney patients can eat watermelon it? The answer to this question is not certain, because the different needs of each patient according to the disease situation . Usually patients with nephritis , edema if not , the amount of food is possible if there is significant swelling , especially in patients with nephrotic syndrome with severe edema of cases, it is forbidden to eat watermelon , because large amounts of water contained in the watermelon , will add to the body of edema. For patients with renal insufficiency , if urine is normal, there is no swelling of the case body , eat some also possible, but if it is already developed to uremic patients on dialysis , it is best not to eat . While for patients with diabetic nephropathy , watermelon is also a need to fast , because also contain a lot of sugar in the watermelon , likely to cause unstable blood sugar in diabetic patients with nephropathy .
In other respects , kidney patients also need to pay attention to low-salt diet, the amount of daily ingestion of high-quality animal protein such as egg whites, lean meat , the specific amount based on the individual patient 's condition by doctors to develop , do not eat spicy foods such fishy , do not eat raw garlic, ginger and animal offal. Well, if you pay attention to in terms of diet , the recovery of the disease will be a great help.
So have kidney disease patients must pay attention to diet do not because of a momentary greedy aggravate their condition.

If you have more questions you can consult our online experts , or by a message telling us about your condition , we will give you free doctors do

Renal failure patients can eat strawberries do ?

天气越来越暖和,草莓现在很多的市场份额。面对鲜艳欲滴的草莓,我们会吃草莓。该病人有肾脏病可以吃草莓吗?这是关于肾脏疾病中最常见的问题。石家庄肾病医院专家给您分析指导。
一般情况下,肾病患者可以吃草莓,草莓,但需要注意选择要小心的时候,因为有很多的草莓种植者为了使外观好看,追求最大的利益,当在草莓大量膨化剂或其他药物诞生的培养使用。这些药物很容易留在草莓内,如果使用如此大量的肾病患者草莓,肾脏可引起严重的损害。因此,肾病患者购买时的草莓一定要仔细观察,千万不要只看草莓高高大大的,还需要注意的草莓的形状,颜色等是否正常。另一种是,尽量选择草莓的季节,不要选择尝鲜了上市的草莓。

因此,根据肾功能衰竭患者的草莓应特别注意对方挂果树,不要只选择一种罕见而美丽的水果,一定要不能因为自己一时的疏忽注意水果的季节性,病情加重,给自己带来更大的痛苦。

What had kidney failure diet have to pay attention ?

Scientific and reasonable diet for the treatment of kidney disease has a very important supporting role, on the one hand a good diet can provide adequate supply of nutrients in patients during treatment is , on the other hand can provide patients with enough energy to support and promote the disease to the direction. Relative to patients with renal failure diet, what to eat, what not to eat is one thing that patients need friends noteworthy.
Shijiazhuang kidney hospital experts pointed out : patients with renal failure diet is a broad and important issues, and different conditions , the standard is not the same diet , kidney expert analysis of some renal diet principles for renal failure diet, the patient can put a detailed proposal disease information sent to them , Shijiazhuang kidney disease hospital doctors and experts based on your condition to provide a scientific and reasonable diet program for you , in order to facilitate the treatment of illness and rehabilitation .
First, patients with renal failure first thing to note is that protein intake , advocates of high biological potency of high quality animal protein based, such as milk, eggs, fish , lean meat , and add a variety of essential amino acids . Plant soybeans, peanuts , although high protein , essential amino acids , but contain less , should not eat .
Second, it is important calorie intake , generally 30 ~ 45kcal/kg/d, according to individual differences . How much of your body weight , I will return to you according to your weight calculations . Also pay attention to calcium , zinc and iron, and B vitamins in sufficient quantities . Depending on the progression of renal failure patients need to limit the amount of water .
Note daily limit sodium intake should be limited to less than 2 ~ 3g, prevent hypertension and heart failure. Electrolyte abnormalities for patients to regularly check electrolytes , potassium intake restrictions to prevent hyperkalemia . High phosphorus calcium can cause metabolic bone disease , avoid eating foods high in phosphorus such as animal heart, brain, kidney, liver, plant soybeans , peanuts and other foods.

Shijiazhuang kidney hospital experts pointed out : These are part of the diet for kidney failure generally can learn from. Taking into account the constraints specific to each patient's physical condition and other aspects of renal failure patients in the diet to adhere to the principles of individualized diet dynamic. We will give you a standard developed in detail , people become joint standards, accompanying standards, standard stool , blood pressure standards, standards of sleep , food standards, visit the standard treatment for kidney disease and to send you in the past , the majority of patients with a friend to learn about. For patients with renal failure diet is very important but also combination therapy , they are not to delay the disease. Patients with renal failure or renal pathology from the start , in order to save the quality of life of patients with renal failure and late survival time . If you have kidney disease there is still a problem , you can consult the online doctor.

Patients with renal failure recipes ?

First, should pap , avoid hard food and fried foods in patients with chronic renal failure due to a toxin retention in the body and blood microcirculation and other reasons caused by gastrointestinal mucosa often has congestion, erosion of the state , such as eating hard food , fried foods such as sesame cake sugar , fried donuts , etc., often cut through the blood vessels leading to food in the stomach and cause bleeding. Due to chronic renal failure , coagulation function in patients with uremia obstacles , bleeding difficult to stop , it will lead to death.
Second, the diet should be light , avoid spicy foods and chronic renal failure, gastrointestinal mucosa in patients with uremia often has congestion, erosion of the state , such as eating chili , white wine and other spicy foods often aggravate erosion of the gastrointestinal mucosa , leading to the stomach lining oozing of blood vessels .
Third, eating dogs, sheep , cattle and other meat products should be cautious Chinese believe that dog meat, mutton, beef fat objects , can lead to relapse or worsening really see systemic lupus erythematosus or chronic nephritis caused by renal failure patients on clinical eating cattle, mutton sicker even after the last death , remains to be seen whether a coincidence , but in patients with chronic renal failure or not to eat such meat as well.
Renal failure - renal failure patients with renal failure diet food taboos Notes :
When kidney dysfunction, toxins can not be excreted in urine , accumulate in the blood causing symptoms of poisoning ( ie, uremia ) , will lead the body has too much potassium , sodium and potassium ions.
Control diet for chronic renal failure patients is a basic treatment can reduce urinary toxins , the body can maintain a minimum balance requirement of nutrients and electrolytes , but this plan is the patients themselves and their families need to try to overcome a challenge, as is often necessary to give up some food to satisfy their appetites .
Diet principles :

An appropriate protein intake ; 2 , adequate intake of calories ; 3, note that the control of water and salt ( sodium ) intake ; 4, to avoid high phosphorus and potassium -containing foods .

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