Question: Hello, I took B-is diffuse parenchymal renal disease, renal
function, urine do it for three days, the first day all the normal, the next two
occult, occult third one, other indicators of normal , kidney stones, a month
ago I was in the right ureter, after extracorporeal lithotripsy left kidney
began to hurt, it hurts the right, but not as obvious to the left, according to
B-say right ureter stone row successfully, but there are still about Shen area
stones, how does that matter? Serious?
Expert answer: The volume of about 8 mm diameter slightly larger stones, but
no good if renal obstruction of the urinary system, you can use gravel
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy machine, but also by a number of endoscopy
(such as kidney, ureteroscopy etc.) to take the stone or gravel. In the
treatment process, but also need to closely observe the situation stone
fragments discharged. Once unforeseen circumstances, you should get in touch
with a doctor promptly.
Large stone volume (more than 10 mm in diameter, while hematuria, infection,
tumors or urinary tract obstruction and other complications that may affect
renal function should be treated with surgery, promptly remove the stones.
2015年1月11日星期日
Renal hypertension and renal pathology of renal damage
Renal Parenchymal Disease: Cause, Symptoms, Treatment
May occur in patients with malignant hypertension renal artery disease small renal glomerular lesions and tubulointerstitial lesions.1, the main pathological changes in small renal artery lesions, including vascular endothelial damage and small artery involvement performance. The naked eye can see, there is no basis in patients with kidney disease, kidney size is often normal, visible under the sebum and film spotting congestion and renal medulla. Light microscopy showed small proliferative endarteritis, necrosis of small arteries and mucin-like changes in the small arteries of the typical performance is fibrinoid necrosis, intimal lipid deposition and transparent thrombosis. Vessel wall and surrounding neutrophil and mononuclear cell infiltration. Interlobular artery intima may have fibrin deposition, intimal hyperplasia associated with severe collagen fibers were concentric deposition, showing typical onion skin-like performance. Severe stenosis of the blood vessel disease that leads to complete occlusion of the vessel lumen and renal ischemia. Kidney arcuate arteries often no obvious lesions, or only in chronic hypertension.
2, the glomerular capillary loops glomerular lesions can occur periodically fibrinoid necrosis, capillary lumen thrombosis. Glomerular basement membrane and glomerular sclerosis ischemic shrinkage, may have focal mesangial cell proliferation, occasionally forming a crescent; renal cyst wall thickening.
3, tubulointerstitial renal tubular epithelial cell loss can occur, such as acute tubular necrosis regeneration lesions; may have varying degrees of renal tubular atrophy. Visible renal interstitial edema, inflammatory cell infiltration can. As the disease progresses, there may be different degrees of fibrosis.
4, primary malignant hypertension and renal parenchymal renal pathology at different points renal artery had severe damage is a common feature of the two, but because of the pathogenesis of different diseases, there are two different pathological features.
Renal artery disease: primary malignant hypertension small artery disease seen in the acute phase of endothelial cell degeneration, loss and endometrial edema, severe and visible intimal wall fibrinoid necrosis, thrombosis. Chronic phase endometrium was onion skin-like fibrous thickening, stenosis. Renal artery mainly small wall thickening, small artery hyaline degeneration.
Glomerular lesions: Primary malignant hypertension glomerular lesions mainly glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and ischemic ischemic shrinkage sclerosis, severe cases can occur periodically fibrinoid necrosis. Renal glomerular inflammatory lesions mainly glomerular injury, mesangial matrix increase or glomerular sclerosis, sometimes visible typical variety of glomerular pathology.
Between tubular and renal interstitial disease: acute renal tubular injury with diffuse primary malignant hypertension, and degeneration, atrophy and regeneration, renal interstitial edema, sometimes showing lymphoid and monocyte infiltration spotty. Compared with renal parenchymal renal tubules and interstitial chronic injury, namely tubular atrophy and spotty compensatory hypertrophy, renal interstitial multifocal lymphoid and mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrosis.
2015年1月10日星期六
With plasmaphérès treat chronic renal failure in stage 4 attracted chronic glomerulonephritis
1.The medical record summary
1. the patient Li Xiaoxia, 43, comes from Huxian district of the province of Xi'an
2. the symptoms described by the patient: intermittent edema of the lower extremities for five years, fatigue, abnormal renal function 3 months.
3. history of the disease: before age 5, he has no obvious incentive, the patient appeared edema of the lower extremities, no rash, no joint pain, went to the doctor at a local hospital to check the urine, examination showed: protein 2, occult blood +, she took Chinese edicinales herbesm in 2 years, and it has shown no significant improvement in the review, and then she is went to the doctor at the hospital accessory Jiaotong University in Xi'an, in June 2009, the B-ultrasound shows: 9.5cm the left kidney, right kidney 9.1 cm; Renal biopsy showed: chronic renal failure attracted chronic glomerulonephritis, give prednisone 40 mg orally, take it every morning in 2 months, still no significant improvement; receive treatment in a hospital in Xi'an nephropathy in August 2009, gives antipyretic tablet orally nephritis, adheres to a one-month treatment, the urine test had no significant change continues processing taking Chinese medicines; there three months she felt lfaible, and tests of renal function showed: blood creatinine 291.5umol / L, uric acid 599umol / L, hemoglobin 67g / L For more effective treatment, the patient arrives at our hospital.
4.temps inlet
On February 19, 2012
2..Les admission tests:
1. Arterial voltage: 130 / 90mmHg, 164cm height, weight 47 kg
2. urine test for protein + 2, + occult blood
3. The proportion of the morning urine: 1.008, pH 5 5, urine RBC52.40 / ul fine granule tubes 25-30 / HP
4. urinary excretion of protein 24 hours: 2.59 g / 24h
5.Sang: total protein 58.6g / L Albumin 35.4g / L ALT5.1U / L, AST 11.4U / L, hemoglobin 92g L
6 .Analyse blood lipids: TG 2.18mmol / L CHOL3.48mmol / L HDL 0.75mmol / L LDL1.74mmol / L Lpa129mg / L
Blood creatinine 317umol / L urea nitrogen 12.4mmol / L, uric acid 501umol / l
Blood: K + 4.08mmol / L, Na + 142mmol / L, Cl-108mmol / L Ca1.8 mmol / L, CO2 16.7mmol / L PO4 1.89mmol / L
3.La admission diagnosis
Initial disease diagnosis: chronic glomerulonephritis, nephropathy AIGA
Functional diagnosis: chronic renal failure in stage 4
The diagnosis of complications: renal hypertension, renal anemia, electrolyte imbalance and imbalance of acid-base.
4.l'effet treatment
1. After admission, treat complications with Western medicine; the exchange of plasma treatment was given to 2 March
2 Micro-Chinese medicine, prevent renal fibrosis and to prevent the reaction of the ignition of an injury;
3, repair the results of treatment were as shown --Bra:
plasma
Arterial tension draft proportion globule protein
Before treatment 130/90 1008 2 52.40 / ul
After treatment 100/70 1.025 + 8.6 / ul
urinary protein 24 hour tube k + Na + Cl- Co2 PO4
2.59 25-30 4.08 142 108 16.7 1.89
1.23 8-10 4.3 137 102 22 0.93
Albumin creatinine blood urea nitrogen uric acid
35.4g / L 12.4 317 501
45.6g / L 257 336 9.6
5.The views of experts:
1.la this patient nephropathy is caused by immune injury
2.la patient reaches the immune injury for these reasons:
①D'abord, many of IgA to start the inflammatory response
② damage the function of glomerular and tubular function;
③ started renal fibrosis, fibrosis has not been developed a controlled portion of the scar tissue, promotes the deterioration of renal function
3. cold bactériennese of infections such as by the antigen-mediated immune response in patients with glomerular damage intrinsic Immunotherapy.
4, the effect of plasmapheresis treatment is to clear the objects of immune injury in the patient, to reduce kidney damage; and clean in the disordered state of the environment in and promote a stable arterial pressure and do normal endocrine kidney.
5, the cleaning of a large number of immune damage substances, plasmapheresis clean obstacles for the recovery of the kidneys and activate the function of Immunotherapy, in inhibiting the inflammatory response and to improve the local microcirculation.
1. the patient Li Xiaoxia, 43, comes from Huxian district of the province of Xi'an
2. the symptoms described by the patient: intermittent edema of the lower extremities for five years, fatigue, abnormal renal function 3 months.
3. history of the disease: before age 5, he has no obvious incentive, the patient appeared edema of the lower extremities, no rash, no joint pain, went to the doctor at a local hospital to check the urine, examination showed: protein 2, occult blood +, she took Chinese edicinales herbesm in 2 years, and it has shown no significant improvement in the review, and then she is went to the doctor at the hospital accessory Jiaotong University in Xi'an, in June 2009, the B-ultrasound shows: 9.5cm the left kidney, right kidney 9.1 cm; Renal biopsy showed: chronic renal failure attracted chronic glomerulonephritis, give prednisone 40 mg orally, take it every morning in 2 months, still no significant improvement; receive treatment in a hospital in Xi'an nephropathy in August 2009, gives antipyretic tablet orally nephritis, adheres to a one-month treatment, the urine test had no significant change continues processing taking Chinese medicines; there three months she felt lfaible, and tests of renal function showed: blood creatinine 291.5umol / L, uric acid 599umol / L, hemoglobin 67g / L For more effective treatment, the patient arrives at our hospital.
4.temps inlet
On February 19, 2012
2..Les admission tests:
1. Arterial voltage: 130 / 90mmHg, 164cm height, weight 47 kg
2. urine test for protein + 2, + occult blood
3. The proportion of the morning urine: 1.008, pH 5 5, urine RBC52.40 / ul fine granule tubes 25-30 / HP
4. urinary excretion of protein 24 hours: 2.59 g / 24h
5.Sang: total protein 58.6g / L Albumin 35.4g / L ALT5.1U / L, AST 11.4U / L, hemoglobin 92g L
6 .Analyse blood lipids: TG 2.18mmol / L CHOL3.48mmol / L HDL 0.75mmol / L LDL1.74mmol / L Lpa129mg / L
Blood creatinine 317umol / L urea nitrogen 12.4mmol / L, uric acid 501umol / l
Blood: K + 4.08mmol / L, Na + 142mmol / L, Cl-108mmol / L Ca1.8 mmol / L, CO2 16.7mmol / L PO4 1.89mmol / L
3.La admission diagnosis
Initial disease diagnosis: chronic glomerulonephritis, nephropathy AIGA
Functional diagnosis: chronic renal failure in stage 4
The diagnosis of complications: renal hypertension, renal anemia, electrolyte imbalance and imbalance of acid-base.
4.l'effet treatment
1. After admission, treat complications with Western medicine; the exchange of plasma treatment was given to 2 March
2 Micro-Chinese medicine, prevent renal fibrosis and to prevent the reaction of the ignition of an injury;
3, repair the results of treatment were as shown --Bra:
plasma
Arterial tension draft proportion globule protein
Before treatment 130/90 1008 2 52.40 / ul
After treatment 100/70 1.025 + 8.6 / ul
urinary protein 24 hour tube k + Na + Cl- Co2 PO4
2.59 25-30 4.08 142 108 16.7 1.89
1.23 8-10 4.3 137 102 22 0.93
Albumin creatinine blood urea nitrogen uric acid
35.4g / L 12.4 317 501
45.6g / L 257 336 9.6
5.The views of experts:
1.la this patient nephropathy is caused by immune injury
2.la patient reaches the immune injury for these reasons:
①D'abord, many of IgA to start the inflammatory response
② damage the function of glomerular and tubular function;
③ started renal fibrosis, fibrosis has not been developed a controlled portion of the scar tissue, promotes the deterioration of renal function
3. cold bactériennese of infections such as by the antigen-mediated immune response in patients with glomerular damage intrinsic Immunotherapy.
4, the effect of plasmapheresis treatment is to clear the objects of immune injury in the patient, to reduce kidney damage; and clean in the disordered state of the environment in and promote a stable arterial pressure and do normal endocrine kidney.
5, the cleaning of a large number of immune damage substances, plasmapheresis clean obstacles for the recovery of the kidneys and activate the function of Immunotherapy, in inhibiting the inflammatory response and to improve the local microcirculation.
2015年1月5日星期一
Eat instant noodles can lead to renal failure
Renal failure refers to kidney failure, chronic and acute points. Renal
failure patients often accompanied by high blood pressure, anemia, water and
electrolyte imbalance and other symptoms. In recent years, increased the number
of patients with renal failure, in addition to life stress factors caused by
poor eating habits is one of the incentives.
1, fullness
Overeating, excessive burden on the kidneys, kidney disease, many people are unaware that "eating out". The kidneys are important in the human body excrete waste and toxins responsible for organ. Eating too much will increase the burden on the kidneys, long-term high work load, kidneys naturally susceptible to illness.
2, salty
Eat salty also easily lead to high blood pressure. Hypertension is a systemic disease, and kidney disease often it is a pair of "twin sister." In recent years, high blood pressure and kidney damage caused by the rising incidence. Therefore, the daily life should insist salt diet, daily intake of salt should be more appropriate at 5-6 grams.
3, too sweet, too Oil
Eat too sweet, too much oil will not only increase the burden on the kidneys, but also lead to obesity. Obesity can lead to kidney fat content increases, an increase in weight, volume increases, glomerular hypertrophy. Obese patients are also prone to insulin resistance, and thus lead to diabetes. With nearly 40% of diabetic patients will be diabetic nephropathy, kidney disease, and this is one of the most difficult to treat kidney disease.
4, excessive intake of protein
Eating too much protein can cause the body's uric acid concentration, causing hyperuricemia. Elevated serum uric acid concentration in the kidney toxicity is very large, it is likely to cause renal tubular and interstitial lesions, and finally develop into chronic renal failure and uremia.
Is not appropriate to eat instant noodles, instant noodles easily lead to kidney failure
Instant noodles are a favorite of office workers, sometimes because of work pressure of time, or overtime plus late, nothing to eat, open a packet of instant noodles bubble you can eat, but should not eat too much instant noodles, the human body has a very great harm.
1, eat instant noodles could lead to kidney failure
Fried noodles are generally required because subtract fried surface water, can extend shelf life. But these oils after oxidation becomes "LPO" posted on the bread, when people eat into the body will accumulate in the blood vessels or other organs, accelerate human aging rate and cause atherosclerosis, leading to stroke, heart disease, kidney disease.
2, absolutely no nutrition are all fat
First, most of the noodles are made into too fried, bread itself contains a higher oil. In addition, to the delicious seasoning packets of instant noodles are usually 2 to 3 bags, a liquid oil, add the sauce packet or animal oil; the other is pink bag of salt, MSG, spices and other mixed; some have a small amount of dehydration package vegetables. Largest component of seasoning packet is fat. If the sauce packets, typically more than 50% fat content. If it is oil, fat contained more than 95%. The vegetables in the package because of severe dehydration vegetables basically no nutrition to speak of.
3, you stupid old eating instant noodles
This is not alarmist, the study found must maintain and enhance the normal physiological function of the brain, must be lecithin, protein, sugar, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E and B vitamins and other nutrients eight. The delicious and convenient instant noodles, but totally do not have more than a variety of nutrients, the brain will often eat long-term lack of nutrition and stupid.
Since there are so many of the drawbacks of instant noodles, why are people having left it abandoned? The reason many, which is nothing less than instant noodles really convenient because you can eat right away. In fact, many healthy foods are also easy to meet your needs.
4, instant noodles too easily lead to hypertension salt content
A packet of instant noodles, the salt content is usually 2 to 3 grams, three meals a day if you eat instant noodles, daily intake of sodium content will be exceeded, the probability of suffering from high blood pressure will rise. And most people would prefer to eat instant noodles when coupled with ham, sausage sodium content is considerable. If you often eat together two match, the chances of suffering from high blood pressure will be significantly increased several times.
1, fullness
Overeating, excessive burden on the kidneys, kidney disease, many people are unaware that "eating out". The kidneys are important in the human body excrete waste and toxins responsible for organ. Eating too much will increase the burden on the kidneys, long-term high work load, kidneys naturally susceptible to illness.
2, salty
Eat salty also easily lead to high blood pressure. Hypertension is a systemic disease, and kidney disease often it is a pair of "twin sister." In recent years, high blood pressure and kidney damage caused by the rising incidence. Therefore, the daily life should insist salt diet, daily intake of salt should be more appropriate at 5-6 grams.
3, too sweet, too Oil
Eat too sweet, too much oil will not only increase the burden on the kidneys, but also lead to obesity. Obesity can lead to kidney fat content increases, an increase in weight, volume increases, glomerular hypertrophy. Obese patients are also prone to insulin resistance, and thus lead to diabetes. With nearly 40% of diabetic patients will be diabetic nephropathy, kidney disease, and this is one of the most difficult to treat kidney disease.
4, excessive intake of protein
Eating too much protein can cause the body's uric acid concentration, causing hyperuricemia. Elevated serum uric acid concentration in the kidney toxicity is very large, it is likely to cause renal tubular and interstitial lesions, and finally develop into chronic renal failure and uremia.
Is not appropriate to eat instant noodles, instant noodles easily lead to kidney failure
Instant noodles are a favorite of office workers, sometimes because of work pressure of time, or overtime plus late, nothing to eat, open a packet of instant noodles bubble you can eat, but should not eat too much instant noodles, the human body has a very great harm.
1, eat instant noodles could lead to kidney failure
Fried noodles are generally required because subtract fried surface water, can extend shelf life. But these oils after oxidation becomes "LPO" posted on the bread, when people eat into the body will accumulate in the blood vessels or other organs, accelerate human aging rate and cause atherosclerosis, leading to stroke, heart disease, kidney disease.
2, absolutely no nutrition are all fat
First, most of the noodles are made into too fried, bread itself contains a higher oil. In addition, to the delicious seasoning packets of instant noodles are usually 2 to 3 bags, a liquid oil, add the sauce packet or animal oil; the other is pink bag of salt, MSG, spices and other mixed; some have a small amount of dehydration package vegetables. Largest component of seasoning packet is fat. If the sauce packets, typically more than 50% fat content. If it is oil, fat contained more than 95%. The vegetables in the package because of severe dehydration vegetables basically no nutrition to speak of.
3, you stupid old eating instant noodles
This is not alarmist, the study found must maintain and enhance the normal physiological function of the brain, must be lecithin, protein, sugar, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E and B vitamins and other nutrients eight. The delicious and convenient instant noodles, but totally do not have more than a variety of nutrients, the brain will often eat long-term lack of nutrition and stupid.
Since there are so many of the drawbacks of instant noodles, why are people having left it abandoned? The reason many, which is nothing less than instant noodles really convenient because you can eat right away. In fact, many healthy foods are also easy to meet your needs.
4, instant noodles too easily lead to hypertension salt content
A packet of instant noodles, the salt content is usually 2 to 3 grams, three meals a day if you eat instant noodles, daily intake of sodium content will be exceeded, the probability of suffering from high blood pressure will rise. And most people would prefer to eat instant noodles when coupled with ham, sausage sodium content is considerable. If you often eat together two match, the chances of suffering from high blood pressure will be significantly increased several times.
Diarrhea, acute renal failure, oliguria to be alert
Even a little diarrhea can cause acute renal failure? It turned out that the
human body can cause severe diarrhea and dehydration, if you do not replenish
moisture, renal ischemia situation will arise, causing acute renal failure. If
severe diarrhea accompanied by oliguria, or even no symptoms of the solution,
you should seek immediate medical attention.
Diarrhea did not care, and eventually even lead to kidney failure it! Xiao Zhou is a representative of the company, three days ago, and friends gathering to eat hot pot restaurants. After returning home he began to stop diarrhea, toss a night is not enough, the next morning and pulled several times. Xiao Zhou too troublesome to the hospital, they casually ate diarrhea medicine. Eat for two days of medicine, diarrhea stopped, may appear small weeks furrow eyes, his face sallow, urine solution no symptoms. Doctors quickly diagnosed, Xiao Zhou is acute renal failure caused by severe diarrhea.
Why would hurt diarrhea kidney?
? Why diarrhea will hurt the cause of acute renal failure, the kidneys it is mainly divided into three categories: pre-renal, renal parenchymal after renal. Among them, the most common pre-renal renal failure, mainly due to a serious shortage of effective blood volume leads to renal hypoperfusion blood and cause kidney dysfunction. Xiao Zhou diarrhea causes the body to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, loss of nutrients, the body's internal environment destruction. Patients with severe water shortages will, if not able to replenish moisture, under hypovolemia case, there will be cases of renal ischemia, causing acute renal failure.
Diarrhea, acute renal failure will lead to it? Experts say not necessarily. Severe diarrhea leading to higher risk of renal failure, renal failure, low probability of mild diarrhea caused. If diarrhea, nausea, decreased amount of urine, weakness, leg edema and other symptoms, be sure to consult a doctor immediately, to exclude the possibility of acute renal failure.
Diagnosed with acute renal failure, after early treatment, most patients can resume normal renal function. Clinical data show that kidney function is still 10% to 20% of patients can not be fully restored, and gradually develop chronic renal failure, requiring long-term dialysis. So, do not diarrhea also carrying avoid catastrophe, lifelong regret.
How to prevent dehydration?
Recognize early symptoms of dehydration, especially in mild to moderate dehydration, family therapy can begin promptly. For mild dehydration, it can be a way of oral fluids. The best homemade rehydration drink soup. (Rice soup production methods: first boil a liter of water, then pour a bowl of rice, then boiled for 5 to 10 minutes, until a thin paste of water into the cooked rice into the container, add a tablespoon of sugar. and salt. when the liquid to be cooled down to room temperature, a thin paste, rice on the production well.
Secondly, you can go to the drugstore to buy oral rehydration salts, is one good way to correct dehydration. For older children, but also drinking beverages containing electrolytes and sugar sold in supermarkets. Because of these correct dehydration fluid smells bad, children do not want to accept. Should take a few times approach. If vomiting occurs after the baby is taking it from a small start, every 10 to 15 ml every 15 to 30 minutes. After the baby can tolerate, and added to each 30 ml, 60 ml. If the baby continues to diarrhea, you do not need to limit the total amount of children taking.
Critical fluids is uniform, slow. Especially in patients with small babies. Sometimes, in order to adjust the speed of the liquid to drink, the liquid can be dipped in the towel and let the baby sucking towels. More than 1 year old child can also be used to suck popsicles way. If, after the family are not satisfied after rehydration therapy, has grown to one of severe dehydration, or factors that cause dehydration persists, it should go to the hospital for a doctor's guidance, if necessary, intravenous infusion.
Diarrhea did not care, and eventually even lead to kidney failure it! Xiao Zhou is a representative of the company, three days ago, and friends gathering to eat hot pot restaurants. After returning home he began to stop diarrhea, toss a night is not enough, the next morning and pulled several times. Xiao Zhou too troublesome to the hospital, they casually ate diarrhea medicine. Eat for two days of medicine, diarrhea stopped, may appear small weeks furrow eyes, his face sallow, urine solution no symptoms. Doctors quickly diagnosed, Xiao Zhou is acute renal failure caused by severe diarrhea.
Why would hurt diarrhea kidney?
? Why diarrhea will hurt the cause of acute renal failure, the kidneys it is mainly divided into three categories: pre-renal, renal parenchymal after renal. Among them, the most common pre-renal renal failure, mainly due to a serious shortage of effective blood volume leads to renal hypoperfusion blood and cause kidney dysfunction. Xiao Zhou diarrhea causes the body to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, loss of nutrients, the body's internal environment destruction. Patients with severe water shortages will, if not able to replenish moisture, under hypovolemia case, there will be cases of renal ischemia, causing acute renal failure.
Diarrhea, acute renal failure will lead to it? Experts say not necessarily. Severe diarrhea leading to higher risk of renal failure, renal failure, low probability of mild diarrhea caused. If diarrhea, nausea, decreased amount of urine, weakness, leg edema and other symptoms, be sure to consult a doctor immediately, to exclude the possibility of acute renal failure.
Diagnosed with acute renal failure, after early treatment, most patients can resume normal renal function. Clinical data show that kidney function is still 10% to 20% of patients can not be fully restored, and gradually develop chronic renal failure, requiring long-term dialysis. So, do not diarrhea also carrying avoid catastrophe, lifelong regret.
How to prevent dehydration?
Recognize early symptoms of dehydration, especially in mild to moderate dehydration, family therapy can begin promptly. For mild dehydration, it can be a way of oral fluids. The best homemade rehydration drink soup. (Rice soup production methods: first boil a liter of water, then pour a bowl of rice, then boiled for 5 to 10 minutes, until a thin paste of water into the cooked rice into the container, add a tablespoon of sugar. and salt. when the liquid to be cooled down to room temperature, a thin paste, rice on the production well.
Secondly, you can go to the drugstore to buy oral rehydration salts, is one good way to correct dehydration. For older children, but also drinking beverages containing electrolytes and sugar sold in supermarkets. Because of these correct dehydration fluid smells bad, children do not want to accept. Should take a few times approach. If vomiting occurs after the baby is taking it from a small start, every 10 to 15 ml every 15 to 30 minutes. After the baby can tolerate, and added to each 30 ml, 60 ml. If the baby continues to diarrhea, you do not need to limit the total amount of children taking.
Critical fluids is uniform, slow. Especially in patients with small babies. Sometimes, in order to adjust the speed of the liquid to drink, the liquid can be dipped in the towel and let the baby sucking towels. More than 1 year old child can also be used to suck popsicles way. If, after the family are not satisfied after rehydration therapy, has grown to one of severe dehydration, or factors that cause dehydration persists, it should go to the hospital for a doctor's guidance, if necessary, intravenous infusion.
2015年1月4日星期日
What is kidney failure?
Renal failure is the development of a variety of chronic kidney disease to
kidney function caused by late or part of a pathological state of all the loss.
Progression of renal failure can be divided into acute renal failure and chronic
renal failure, acute renal failure quickly, usually caused by inadequate blood
supply of the kidneys (such as trauma or burns), kidney function due to some
factors that cause damage or obstruction by poison injury, acute renal failure
caused by generation. The main reason for the long-term chronic renal failure
kidney disease, along with the time and the disease, decreased kidney function,
resulting in renal failure.
1. Acute renal failure
Rapid progression of acute renal failure, renal blood flow is usually due to insufficient supply (such as scratches or burns), renal obstruction due to some factors that cause functional impairment or hurt by poison, causing acute renal failure generation.
2. Chronic renal failure
Chronic renal failure refers to the slowly progressive renal damage caused by a variety of kidney disease eventually lead to a complete loss of uremia and renal function, causing a series of clinical symptoms and biochemical composition of endocrine metabolic disorders such as clinical syndrome from primary disease onset to begin with renal insufficiency, the interval can be several years to ten years.
Cause of disease
1. Acute renal failure
Usually caused by insufficient blood supply of the kidneys (such as scratches or burns), renal obstruction due to some factors that cause functional impairment or hurt by poison, causing acute renal failure generation.
2. Chronic renal failure
Because long-term kidney disease, along with the time and the disease, decreased kidney function, resulting in renal failure.
Clinical manifestations
1. oliguria
The most critical stage of the disease, a serious disturbance in the environment. Patients may oliguria (<400ml / day) or no urine (<100ml / day), low urine specific gravity (1.010 ~ 1.020), urinary sodium, hematuria, proteinuria, tubular urine. Water intoxication can occur in patients with severe hyperkalemia (often do this on the cause of death), metabolic acidosis (can promote hyperkalemia occurred) and azotemia (progressive increase can occur uremia), etc. endanger the lives of patients. This period of a few days to a few weeks, the longer the duration, the worse the prognosis.
2. polyuria
After increasing urine oliguria, when daily urine output of more than 500ml, enter polyuria. Since then, the daily urine output doubled, the highest daily urine 3000-6000ml, even up 10000ml more. In the initial period polyuria, urine output, although increased, but the renal clearance rate is still low, the accumulation of metabolites still exists. About 4 to 5 days, serum urea nitrogen, creatinine and decreased with increased urine output, along with improvement in symptoms of uremia. Potassium, sodium, chloride and other electrolytes in the urine may lead to a large number of discharged electrolyte imbalance or dehydration, should pay attention to the peak stage of oliguria may change as hypokalemia. This period lasts 1 to 2 weeks.
3. recovery
Urine gradually returned to normal, 3 to 12 months, the gradual recovery of renal function, renal function in most patients recovered to normal levels, only a minority of patients with chronic renal failure.
1. Acute renal failure
Rapid progression of acute renal failure, renal blood flow is usually due to insufficient supply (such as scratches or burns), renal obstruction due to some factors that cause functional impairment or hurt by poison, causing acute renal failure generation.
2. Chronic renal failure
Chronic renal failure refers to the slowly progressive renal damage caused by a variety of kidney disease eventually lead to a complete loss of uremia and renal function, causing a series of clinical symptoms and biochemical composition of endocrine metabolic disorders such as clinical syndrome from primary disease onset to begin with renal insufficiency, the interval can be several years to ten years.
Cause of disease
1. Acute renal failure
Usually caused by insufficient blood supply of the kidneys (such as scratches or burns), renal obstruction due to some factors that cause functional impairment or hurt by poison, causing acute renal failure generation.
2. Chronic renal failure
Because long-term kidney disease, along with the time and the disease, decreased kidney function, resulting in renal failure.
Clinical manifestations
1. oliguria
The most critical stage of the disease, a serious disturbance in the environment. Patients may oliguria (<400ml / day) or no urine (<100ml / day), low urine specific gravity (1.010 ~ 1.020), urinary sodium, hematuria, proteinuria, tubular urine. Water intoxication can occur in patients with severe hyperkalemia (often do this on the cause of death), metabolic acidosis (can promote hyperkalemia occurred) and azotemia (progressive increase can occur uremia), etc. endanger the lives of patients. This period of a few days to a few weeks, the longer the duration, the worse the prognosis.
2. polyuria
After increasing urine oliguria, when daily urine output of more than 500ml, enter polyuria. Since then, the daily urine output doubled, the highest daily urine 3000-6000ml, even up 10000ml more. In the initial period polyuria, urine output, although increased, but the renal clearance rate is still low, the accumulation of metabolites still exists. About 4 to 5 days, serum urea nitrogen, creatinine and decreased with increased urine output, along with improvement in symptoms of uremia. Potassium, sodium, chloride and other electrolytes in the urine may lead to a large number of discharged electrolyte imbalance or dehydration, should pay attention to the peak stage of oliguria may change as hypokalemia. This period lasts 1 to 2 weeks.
3. recovery
Urine gradually returned to normal, 3 to 12 months, the gradual recovery of renal function, renal function in most patients recovered to normal levels, only a minority of patients with chronic renal failure.
2015年1月2日星期五
Why polycystic kidney disease causes high creatinine levels in nephrotic syndrome nephrotic syndrome in Western medicine can cure it
High creatinine marked renal dysfunction, metabolic waste and toxins and
other difficult to remove creatinine from the blood. Polycystic kidney disease
is a hereditary kidney disease, characterized by a large number of renal fluid
filled cysts two kidneys. It is a chronic progressive renal disease, which will
eventually damage the kidneys and renal structure and progress to become renal
failure. Serum creatinine levels remain high, meaning more than 50% of renal
function has been impaired.
The number and size of cysts, and over time they will be oppressed and occupied space, normal kidney tissue in gradual decline and loss of renal function caused.
Early signs of kidney damage is concentrated in renal function decline. Advances in PKD patients compared to obvious clinical symptoms, such as low back pain, many patients still have normal kidney function. However, once kidney function began to decline, even a decline in glomerular filtration rate annually 4.4-5.5ml / min. It requires about 10 years of progression to end-stage renal failure, renal damage of these cysts.
Since we already know that high levels of creatinine root cause of polycystic kidney disease, we should know how to reduce radically. This is to remove these renal cysts, relieve pressure on all sides of the kidney inherent cells and tissues, kidney damage repair, improve kidney filtration function, in addition to manipulating the good, its symptoms and complications, so too will be eradicated in the blood creatinine, high creatinine will reduce natural.
PKD patients, surgical removal of large renal cysts is an immediate relief, but it can not remove all of the cysts. More importantly, because it can not solve the root of the problem, and further more cystic fluid secreted continuously down, there will be more in the kidney cyst formation.
Different surgical, CKD cell activation immunotherapy can not get rid of cysts, but affect the overall atrophy, all cyst. It not only can reduce the cysts, but also to prevent the spread of more cysts, the recurrence rate is much lower, since it is possible to suppress the source of the cyst wall of the epithelial cells, cyst fluid.
More importantly, in the micro-penetration of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of active ingredients can dilate blood vessels, promote blood circulation, relieve the number of renal ischemia, hypoxia, thus providing more blood, oxygen and nutrients needed to nourish the kidney tissue necrosis improve renal function.
The number and size of cysts, and over time they will be oppressed and occupied space, normal kidney tissue in gradual decline and loss of renal function caused.
Early signs of kidney damage is concentrated in renal function decline. Advances in PKD patients compared to obvious clinical symptoms, such as low back pain, many patients still have normal kidney function. However, once kidney function began to decline, even a decline in glomerular filtration rate annually 4.4-5.5ml / min. It requires about 10 years of progression to end-stage renal failure, renal damage of these cysts.
Since we already know that high levels of creatinine root cause of polycystic kidney disease, we should know how to reduce radically. This is to remove these renal cysts, relieve pressure on all sides of the kidney inherent cells and tissues, kidney damage repair, improve kidney filtration function, in addition to manipulating the good, its symptoms and complications, so too will be eradicated in the blood creatinine, high creatinine will reduce natural.
PKD patients, surgical removal of large renal cysts is an immediate relief, but it can not remove all of the cysts. More importantly, because it can not solve the root of the problem, and further more cystic fluid secreted continuously down, there will be more in the kidney cyst formation.
Different surgical, CKD cell activation immunotherapy can not get rid of cysts, but affect the overall atrophy, all cyst. It not only can reduce the cysts, but also to prevent the spread of more cysts, the recurrence rate is much lower, since it is possible to suppress the source of the cyst wall of the epithelial cells, cyst fluid.
More importantly, in the micro-penetration of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of active ingredients can dilate blood vessels, promote blood circulation, relieve the number of renal ischemia, hypoxia, thus providing more blood, oxygen and nutrients needed to nourish the kidney tissue necrosis improve renal function.
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