The childhood kidney disease , or slightly larger than the normal size and shape , number and size of cysts increased with age gradually increased and constantly increasing , in most cases 40 to 50 years of age renal volume increased to a considerable extent before the onset of symptoms . Mainly for bilateral renal enlargement , kidney pain , hematuria, and hypertension .
A renal nephropathy progress on both sides of asymmetric enlargement , size differences, to the late two kidneys can fill the entire abdominal cavity, the surface of cloth there are many cysts kidney , kidney-shaped so irregular , uneven, hard texture .
2 important symptom for kidney pain , often for lower back pressure or dull pain , but also pain and sometimes abdominal pain. Pain may be due to physical activity , walking for too long, such as sedentary exacerbated after bed reduce . Renal hemorrhage, stones or infection is sudden movement causes pain .
3 Approximately half of the patients showed microscopic hematuria hematuria , may have episodes of gross hematuria , the Department of the cyst wall caused by ruptured blood vessels . Bleeding for a long time can cause blood clots through the ureter colic . Often accompanied by white blood cells in urine hematuria and proteinuria, urinary protein less, usually no more than 1.0g / d. Significant pyuria kidney infection , hematuria aggravated, low back pain with fever .
4 hypertension is common manifestations of ADPKD , elevated serum creatinine did not before , about half of high blood pressure , which cysts oppression surrounding tissue , activation of the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system dependent. The past 10 years , Graham PC, Torre V and Chapman AB confirmed that the disease so normal kidney tissue , cysts and neighboring interstitial particles increased renin cyst epithelial cells , and increased renin secretion . These cysts grow on and hypertension are closely related. In other words, those who have high blood pressure cyst growing faster, can directly affect the prognosis.
5 renal insufficiency to happen sooner or later the disease renal insufficiency , individual cases that occur in adolescence renal failure, usually before age 40 rarely have renal dysfunction , age 70, about half of the remains of renal function, but the development of hypertension to shorten the course of renal failure , there are also individual patients 80 years of age can maintain kidney function.
6 polycystic liver ADPKD patients aged found that about half of polycystic liver, approximately 70% after 60 years old . Generally believed that its development is slow, and about 10 years later than polycystic kidney . Its cyst is formed by the lost bile duct dilatation . In addition , pancreas and ovarian cysts may also occur , colonic diverticulitis complicated by a higher rate .
The clinical manifestations of polycystic kidney disease characteristics are shown in Table 1 .
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