Can gross hematuria with clots occur in renal parenchymal disease(GN,TIN)?What renal parenchymal diseases give a combination of gross hemative and rapidly progressing renal impairment?
I have a 25 year old male patient who presented with right flank pain and
gross hematuria(with clots) of a week's duration. No systemic symptoms. Urine
shows RBC's and1+ proteinuria but no RBC casts. His creatinine has progressively
increased from 1.6 to 4.4 mg/dl..Left kidney is small while the right is rather
big(13cm) with no stones or features of obstruction. CystoUreteroscopy showed
that the blood was coming out of the right ureteric orifice but the bladder and
the right ureter(up until the proximal ureter ) looked normal. I have not been
able to explain the rapid rise in creatinine in terms of renal
hypoperfusion(with prerenal azotemia or ATN) or obstruction.He had received a
contrast agent for CT and Contrast nephropathy is a possibility. The patient is
clinically stable and the gross hematuria is clearing. My questions are can
hematuria with clots occur in glomerular disease? Shall I just observe and see
if the renal function will improve or start doing additional tests(e.g serologic
tests like ANA,ANCA,etc)
Yes, gross hematuria sufficient to induce some clotting in the urine has been
described rarely in glomerular disease, especially IgA nephropathy and/or in
combination with a coagulopathy. Sufficient hematuria to induce clot formation
can be seen with any of the crescentic GNs (ANCA, aGBM, SLE,) but is most common
in IgA nephropathy. Other causes include genetic diseases like Alport’s or thin
basement membrane disease. The inequality in kidney size and elevated creatinine
here indicate there is bilateral renal injury, perhaps from contrast. The
unilateral bleeding, and absence of proteinuria and casts would put GN low on
the list of likely causes of the hematuria. It would seem more likely that
something acute happened on the right – a non-opaque stone, tumor, embolus,
trauma etc. With the history of recent contrast and now resolution (I assume GFR
is improving as well), I do not think screening for GN is likely to be positive
or alter management. I would suggest screening for coagulation disorders and
obtaining optimal imaging studies of the R kidney and perhaps an angiogram to
exclude any treatable entities that might represent the source of bleeding.
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