In the period of Renal Failure, disequilibrium may occur to all system with
the disequilibrium of water, electrolyte and acid-base occur firstly. These
disequilibrium can be summarized as “three-high, three-low and three-poisoning".
"Three-high" refers to hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia and hyperphosphatemia.
“Three-low" refers to hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia.
“three-poisoning" refers to water intoxication, acidosis and Uremia. 1.
Hypermagnesemia When GFR is less than 20 ml/min, hypermagnesemia usually occurs
for the reducing of magnesium from kidneys. 2. Disequilibrium of potassium To
patients of Renal Failure, all remaining renal units as well as intestinal tract
eliminate much more potassium, thus leading to increasing of potassium in blood.
3. Sodium and water disequilibrium Mild retention of sodium and water may occur
to Renal Failure patients. If patients of Renal Failure intake overmuch sodium
and water, edema, Hypertension and Cardiac Failure is easy to occur. Edema
usually accompanies with hyponatremia, which is called diluted low-sodium. 4.
Metabolic acidosis To patients of Renal Failure, the metabolin such as
phosphoric acid, vitriol and other acidic materials may be retention in kidneys.
Kidney tubules have the functional deficiency of secreting hydrogen ion as well
as making NH4+, thus leading to the increasing intervals of blood anion. After
the concentration of HCO3 reduces, metabolic acidosis occurs. 5. Balance of
metabolic calcium and phosphorus The concentration of phosphorus is adjusted by
the absorption of intestinal tract and excretion of kidneys. With the reducing
of remaining renal units, less phosphorus is eliminated, thus increasing the
concentration of phosphorus. At that time, phosphorus will combine with calcium
and pile up the tissue. Renal Failure patients must test it carefully. Besides,
high-concentration of phosphorus may restrain the producing of calcitriol, thus
aggravating Renal Failure. Calcitriol is the main factor in maintaining blood
calcium. The insufficiency will reduce the concentration of blood calcium, thus
affecting the concentration of blood phosphorus. Knowing more about Renal
Failure can help patients of Renal Failure treat it timely. As for the specific
number of dysequilibrium, patients of Renal Failure can go to hospital to get
the result.
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