In general, Renal Failure means part or complete loss of renal function which is caused when various chronic kidney diseases develop into the end stage. In clinical, Renal Failure can be divided into four stages according to the degrees of renal damage and creatinine index.
1. Compensatory Period: In this stage, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is 50-80 mL/min. The creatinine clearance rate (CCR) decreases but is higher than 50 mL/min. Serum creatinine (Scr) is lower than 178μmol/L and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is lower than 9mmol/L.
2. Discompensatory Period: This stage is also called Azotemia Period. In this stage, the creatinine clearance rate (CCR) is 25-50 mL/min, serum creatinine rises higher than 178μmol/L (2mg/dL) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is higher than 9 mmol/L (25mg/dL). There is no obvious discomfort except mild anemia, some symptoms in digestive tract and nocturia increased.
3. Renal Failure Period: In this stage, the creatinine clearance rate (CCR) is 10-25mL/min, serum creatinine is 221-442μmol/L and blood urea nitrogen is 17.9-21.4 mmol/L. In this stage, the kidneys still have certain function, which is called early stage of Uremia.
4. Uremia Period: In this stage, Scr is 442μmol/L and BUN is higher than 21.4mmol/L. There usually appears variety of symptoms of Uremia, such as apparent anemia, serious nausea, vomiting, and various complications of the nervous system, even coma, obvious disorder of water and salt metabolism and acid-base balance, oliguria or anuria. When the creatinine clearance rate (CCR) is lower than 10ml/min and serum creatinine is higher than 707μmol/L, it enters the end stage, which is also called the end stage of Uremia.
There are two types of Renal Failure: acute and chronic. Acute Renal Failure occurs suddenly and is usually initiated by underlying causes, for example dehydration, infection, serious injury to the kidney or the long-term use of over the counter pain medications like Tylenol (acetaminophen) or Advil (ibuprofen). Acute Renal Failure is often reversible.
Acute Renal Failure is a sudden decline of the kidney functions, indicated by a high buildup of toxins in the blood. If kidneys cannot function, they cannot filter the toxins out of body. Therefore, toxins begin to build up in the body, affecting the kidneys and other organs. There are three types of Acute Renal Failure--Prerenal, Intrinsic and Postrenal. Different types of Acute Renal Failure have different symptoms.
The main reason of Chronic Renal Failure is the long-term renal pathological changes. Chronic Renal Failure is the slow loss of kidney function over time. For most people kidney failure occurs after years of having chronic kidney disease. Chronic Renal Failure may cause various complications that in almost all systems of the people .
Shijiazhuang Kidney Disease Hospital
Shijiazhuang Kidney Disease Hospital is located in Shijiazhuang city, capital of Hebei Province, which is adjacent to the capital of China, Beijing. It was founded in 1986 and his name has become more widely known in recent decades.....Read More
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