Common complication in children with nephrotic syndrome

1 . Infection is the most common complication of the intrinsic susceptible reasons : IgG and complement components in urine lost , IgG synthesis decreased to immune function ; cellular immune dysfunction ; protein malnutrition ; edema ; immunosuppressive agents . Respiratory tract infection is most common, followed by skin , urinary tract infections and primary peritonitis. Peritonitis is common in children with ascites , pathogenic bacteria are encapsulated ( such as Streptococcus pneumoniae ) , and E. coli is more common clinical manifestations of fever, abdominal pain and bloating , muscle tension and rebound tenderness may significantly .
2 . Electrolyte imbalance hyponatremia : ? ? Long due to ban salt , excessive use of diuretics , infection ( stress-induced increase in anti- diuretic hormone secretion ) , diarrhea , vomiting , manifested as anorexia , fatigue, lazy words, drowsiness, fall in blood pressure , shock, convulsions. , Hypokalemia : diuretics or diuretic hormone , anorexia, vomiting and diarrhea caused by the neglect of potassium . ƒ hypocalcemia and osteoporosis : Vitamin D binding protein lost in the urine , D levels reduced intestinal calcium absorption, bone reduced sensitivity to regulation of parathyroid hormone , hyperparathyroidism , etc., plus application of hormones caused .
3 . Hypercoagulable state , thrombosis : Reason: increased liver synthesis of clotting factors ; urinary loss of anticoagulant factor III; hyperlipidemia, blood viscosity , slow blood flow , increased platelet aggregation ; infection or blood vessel wall injury activates the intrinsic coagulation system ; diuretics applications, hypovolemia, hemoconcentration ; hormones and other applications for high pour point . The most common renal vein thrombosis : a sudden back pain or abdominal pain, non-glomerular hematuria , oliguria, or acute renal failure , B- visible unilateral or bilateral renal enlargement , large intravascular thrombus can be seen . In recent years, reports of pulmonary embolism is not uncommon , there are lower extremity thrombosis , cerebral embolism reported.
4 . Adrenal crisis of long-term application of large doses of hormones, pituitary - adrenal axis suppression , such as the rapid withdrawal , sudden interruption medication, occur without timely increase the amount of stress conditions , such as children with sudden shock performance , if not timely treatment is easy cure death.

5. Acute renal failure : The possible causes are: low blood volume due to pre-renal renal failure ; severe glomerular lesions , proliferation significantly , GFR decreased ; severe renal interstitial edema, protein -induced renal tubular obstruction near end of the tubules and renal capsule hydrostatic pressure increased, leading to fall in glomerular filtration effectively .